Find out how to take it safely and possible side effects. Amoxicillin clavulanic acid is an antibiotic used to treat different infections caused by bacteria, such as sinus infections , urine infections , skin infections , joint infections and some dental infections.
It works by killing or stopping the growth of bacteria bugs and gets rid of the infection. Amoxicillin clavulanic acid is not effective against infections caused by viruses.
It belongs to a group of antibiotics called penicillins. In New Zealand amoxicillin clavulanic acid is available as tablets and liquid and can be given as an injection in the hospital. Before initiating therapy with AUGMENTIN careful enquiry should be made concerning previous hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins, cephalosporins, or other allergens. Serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylactoid and severe cutaneous adverse reactions have been reported in patients on penicillin therapy.
These reactions are more likely to occur in individuals with a history of penicillin hypersensitivity see Contraindications. Serious anaphylactic reactions require immediate emergency treatment with adrenaline. Oxygen, intravenous i. AUGMENTIN should be avoided if infectious mononucleosis is suspected since the occurrence of a morbilliform rash has been associated with this condition following the use of amoxicillin.
Prolonged use may also occasionally result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms. Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported with the use of antibiotics and may range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Therefore, it is important to consider its diagnosis in patients who develop diarrhoea during or after antibiotic use. If prolonged or significant diarrhoea occurs or the patient experiences abdominal cramps, treatment should be discontinued immediately and the patient investigated further.
Appropriate monitoring should be undertaken when anticoagulants are prescribed concurrently. Adjustments in the dose of oral anticoagulants may be necessary to maintain the desired level of anticoagulation. The clinical significance of these changes is uncertain. Cholestatic jaundice, which may be severe, but is usually reversible, has been reported rarely. Signs and symptoms may not become apparent for up to six weeks after treatment has ceased.
In patients with reduced urine output, crystalluria has been observed very rarely, predominantly with parenteral therapy. During the administration of high doses of amoxicillin, it is advisable to maintain adequate fluid intake and urinary output in order to reduce the possibility of amoxicillin crystalluria see Overdosage.
Injection: If the parenteral administration of high doses is necessary, the sodium content must be taken into account in patients on a sodium restricted diet. Effects on Ability to Drive and Use Machines: Adverse effects on the ability to drive or operate machinery have not been observed. As with all medicines, use should be avoided in pregnancy, especially during the first trimester, unless considered essential by the physician.
With the exception of the risk of sensitisation, associated with the excretion of trace quantities in breast milk, there are no detrimental effects for the infant. Adverse Reactions. Data from large clinical trials were used to determine the frequency of very common to rare undesirable effects. The frequencies assigned to all other undesirable effects i. Tablet: Infections and infestations: Common: Mucocutaneous candidiasis. Blood and lymphatic system disorders: Rare: Reversible leucopenia including neutropenia and thrombocytopenia.
Very rare: Reversible agranulocytosis and haemolytic anaemia. Prolongation of bleeding time and prothrombin time. Immune system disorders: Very rare: Angioneurotic oedema, anaphylaxis, serum sickness-like syndrome, hypersensitivity vasculitis. Nervous system disorders: Uncommon: Dizziness, headache. Very rare: Reversible hyperactivity and convulsions.
Convulsions may occur in patients with impaired renal function or in those receiving high doses. Gastrointestinal disorders: Adults: Very common: Diarrhoea. Common: Nausea, vomiting. Children: Common: Diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting. All populations: Nausea is more often associated with higher oral dosages. Uncommon: Indigestion. However, you may not notice improvement in your symptoms for a few days. Augmentin has not been studied enough in pregnant women to know for sure what effects it could have.
Studies in animals have not found any harm to the fetus when given to pregnant mothers. Augmentin is excreted in breast milk in small amounts. Augmentin is a combination medication that contains amoxicillin in addition to another drug. Augmentin and amoxicillin are often used to treat similar types of infections. If your doctor suspects that your infection may be resistant to amoxicillin alone, they may recommend Augmentin instead.
Because it contains amoxicillin as well as clavulanic acid, Augmentin works against more types of bacteria than amoxicillin alone. In this regard, it could be considered stronger than amoxicillin. Yes, Augmentin is an antibiotic in the class of penicillins.
This is because it works against many different types of bacteria, including some that are normally resistant to penicillin drugs. Augmentin starts working within a few hours of when you take it. However, your symptoms may not start to improve for a few days after that. Diarrhea and stomach upset are common side effects of Augmentin. Veterinarians sometimes prescribe Augmentin to treat infections in dogs and cats. The form approved for animals is called Clavamox.
If you think your dog or cat has an infection, see your veterinarian for an evaluation and treatment. There are other antibiotics that are often used to treat the same conditions as Augmentin.
Some may be better suited for you than others. If you think you or your child has taken too much of this drug, call your doctor or seek guidance from the American Association of Poison Control Centers at or through their online tool.
But if your symptoms are severe, call or go to the nearest emergency room right away. Treatment of overdose will depend on the symptoms you have.
A doctor may do tests to check for problems with your heart, liver, or kidneys, or breathing issues. They may also check your oxygen levels.
In some cases, they may administer intravenous IV fluids. When Augmentin is dispensed from the pharmacy, the pharmacist will add an expiration date to the label on the bottle.
This date is typically one year from the date the medication was dispensed. The purpose of such expiration dates is to guarantee the effectiveness of the medication during this time. However, an FDA study showed that many medications may still be good beyond the expiration date listed on the bottle. How long a medication remains good can depend on many factors, including how and where the medication is stored.
Augmentin pills should be stored at room temperature in a tightly sealed and light-resistant container. The dry powder for the liquid suspension should also be stored at room temperature. The mixed liquid suspension should be refrigerated. If you have unused medication that has gone past the expiration date, talk to your pharmacist about whether you might still be able to use it. Before taking Augmentin, talk with your doctor about any medical conditions you have.
Augmentin may not be a good choice for you if you have certain medical conditions. Augmentin contains amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Amoxicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic that has bactericidal activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Beta-lactamase-producing bacteria are resistant to amoxicillin. Clavulanic acid is also a beta-lactam that can inactivate some forms of beta-lactamase.
The combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid extends the spectrum of Augmentin against bacteria that are normally resistant to amoxicillin alone. The oral bioavailability of the amoxicillin component of Augmentin is about 74 percent to 92 percent.
The peak blood level of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid occurs between one and two-and-a-half hours after oral intake. The half-life of the amoxicillin component is about 1 hour and 20 minutes, and about 1 hour for clavulanic acid.
Augmentin and Augmentin XR are contraindicated in people with a history of serious hypersensitivity reactions to amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, penicillin, or cephalosporin antibiotics. Norgestrel: Moderate It would be prudent to recommend alternative or additional contraception when oral contraceptives OCs are used in conjunction with antibiotics.
Oral Contraceptives: Moderate It would be prudent to recommend alternative or additional contraception when oral contraceptives OCs are used in conjunction with antibiotics. Probenecid: Minor Probenecid competitively inhibits renal tubular secretion and causes higher, prolonged serum levels of penicillins. In general, this pharmacokinetic interaction is not harmful and can be used therapeutically if needed. Probenecid; Colchicine: Minor Probenecid competitively inhibits renal tubular secretion and causes higher, prolonged serum levels of penicillins.
Pyrimethamine; Sulfadoxine: Minor Sulfonamides may compete with amoxicillin for renal tubular secretion, increasing amoxicillin serum concentrations.
Relugolix; Estradiol; Norethindrone acetate: Moderate It would be prudent to recommend alternative or additional contraception when oral contraceptives OCs are used in conjunction with antibiotics. Salsalate: Minor Due to high protein binding, salicylates could be displaced from binding sites or could displace other highly protein-bound drugs such as penicillins.
Segesterone Acetate; Ethinyl Estradiol: Moderate It would be prudent to recommend alternative or additional contraception when oral contraceptives OCs are used in conjunction with antibiotics. Sodium Benzoate; Sodium Phenylacetate: Moderate Antibiotics that undergo tubular secretion such as penicillins may compete with phenylacetlyglutamine and hippuric acid for active tubular secretion.
Sodium picosulfate; Magnesium oxide; Anhydrous citric acid: Major Prior or concomitant use of antibiotics with sodium picosulfate; magnesium oxide; anhydrous citric acid may reduce efficacy of the bowel preparation as conversion of sodium picosulfate to its active metabolite bis- p-hydroxy-phenyl -pyridylmethane BHPM is mediated by colonic bacteria.
If possible, avoid coadministration. Certain antibiotics i. Therefore, these antibiotics should be taken at least 2 hours before and not less than 6 hours after the administration of sodium picosulfate; magnesium oxide; anhydrous citric acid solution.
Sulfadiazine: Minor Sulfonamides may compete with amoxicillin for renal tubular secretion, increasing amoxicillin serum concentrations. Sulfasalazine: Minor Sulfonamides may compete with amoxicillin for renal tubular secretion, increasing amoxicillin serum concentrations. Sulfisoxazole: Minor Sulfonamides may compete with amoxicillin for renal tubular secretion, increasing amoxicillin serum concentrations.
Sulfonamides: Minor Sulfonamides may compete with amoxicillin for renal tubular secretion, increasing amoxicillin serum concentrations. Tetracyclines: Major Avoid the coadministration of tetracycline antibiotics with penicillins as tetracyclines may interfere with the bactericidal action of penicillins. Typhoid Vaccine: Major Antibiotics which possess bacterial activity against salmonella typhi organisms may interfere with the immunological response to the live typhoid vaccine.
Allow 24 hours or more to elapse between the administration of the last dose of the antibiotic and the live typhoid vaccine. Warfarin: Moderate The concomitant use of warfarin with many classes of antibiotics, including penicillins, may result in an increased INR thereby potentiating the risk for bleeding.
Inhibition of vitamin K synthesis due to alterations in the intestinal flora may be a mechanism; however, concurrent infection is also a potential risk factor for elevated INR. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of bleeding.
Additionally, increased monitoring of the INR, especially during initiation and upon discontinuation of the antibiotic, may be necessary.
As a beta-lactam antibiotic, amoxicillin is mainly bactericidal. It inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis by preferentially binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins PBPs that are located inside the bacterial cell wall. Like all beta-lactam antibiotics, amoxicillin's ability to interfere with PBP-mediated cell wall synthesis ultimately leads to cell lysis.
Lysis is mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes i. The relationship between PBPs and autolysins is unclear, but it is possible that the beta-lactam antibiotic interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactam drug that acts as a competitive "suicide" inhibitor of many plasmid-mediated and chromosomally mediated bacterial beta-lactamases. It will not inhibit chromosomal type I, however, found in some Enterbacteriaceae. Clavulanic acid binds to the enzyme's active site, inactivating the beta-lactamase.
Clavulanic acid can penetrate the cell wall and inactivate bound, as well as extracellular, beta-lactamases. It does not, however, overcome methicillin-resistance in staphylococci since this is mediated via a different mechanism. Clavulanic acid does not alter the actions of the beta-lactam antibiotics. It exhibits weak antibacterial effects. Organisms that are susceptible to ampicillin and plain amoxicillin are also susceptible to Augmentin R.
Augmentin R has an expanded gram-positive spectrum that includes the beta-lactamase- producing staphylococci and most streptococci including enterococcus. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci MRSA are not susceptible. Penicillin-resistant strains of S. The mechanism of resistance is mediated via the development of altered PBPs and the penicillin-resistant strains will generally be resistant to amoxicillin. The addition of clavulanic acid does not overcome this type of resistance.
Increased dosages of amoxicillin may be necessary to overcome penicillin-resistant S. The gram-negative spectrum of Augmentin R includes N. Augmentin R is extremely active against many anaerobic bacteria since many of these organisms liberate beta-lactamases. Clinicians are advised to consult individual organism susceptibility data prior to prescribing Augmentin R. Amoxicillin; clavulanic acid clavulanate is administered orally as tablets, chewable tablets, extended-release tablets, and oral suspension.
Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are distributed into many tissues and body fluids including the liver, gallbladder, prostate, lungs, urine, middle ear effusions, bronchial secretions, maxillary sinus secretions, and synovial, pleural, and peritoneal fluids. Minimal levels are attained within the CSF when meninges are not inflamed; these levels are increased with inflammation. The drugs cross the placenta.
Amoxicillin and its metabolites are primarily excreted into the urine primarily via tubular secretion and glomerular filtration. Clavulanic acid appears to be extensively metabolized, although the exact mechanism is not fully established. A small percentage of amoxicillin; clavulanic acid is excreted in breast milk. In patients with normal renal function, the elimination half-lives of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are roughly 1.
Affected cytochrome P isoenzymes: none. Both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are stable against gastric acid and are well absorbed from the GI tract. Peak serum levels of both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid occur within 1 to 2. Amoxicillin systemic exposure achieved with extended-release tablets is similar to that produced by the oral administration of equivalent doses of amoxicillin alone.
Dosing in the fasted or fed state has minimal effect on the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin; however, absorption of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium is greater when the drugs are taken with food relative to the fasted state. High-fat meals decrease the absorption of clavulanic acid. In general, all dosage forms are recommended to be taken at the start of a standard meal. PDR Search. Required field.
Your Name Your name is required. Recipient's Email Separate multiple email address with a comma Please enter valid email address Recipient's email is required. Thank you. Your email has been sent. Jump to Section. Related Drug Information Drug Summary. NOTE: Amoxicillin; clavulanic acid is the preferred initial therapy for children who have received amoxicillin within the past 30 days, who have concurrent conjunctivitis, or those for whom coverage of beta-lactamase-positive H.
Oral dosage ES; mg amoxicillin and Infants and Children 6 months to 12 years. Infants 3 to 5 months. Oral dosage immediate-release formulations and non-ES suspensions.
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