Some have suggested that the Tonto are originally Yavapais, who were not true Apaches, but who assimilated Western Apache culture. Tonto is one of the major dialects of the Western Apache language. Tonto Apache speakers are traditionally bilingual in Western Apache and Yavapai. There are 62 Western Apache clans. These derive from three archaic clans, on which basis they are grouped into phratries. The clan name is related to this place of its origin.
Arivaipa, also known as Aravaipa. Destchin Red Paint , which is correlated to the Chic clan of the Chiricahua and appears to have separated from the Satchin Red Rock clan, both being represented among the Navaho by the Dhestshini Red Streak.
Tizsessinaye Little Cottonwood Jungle of the former seems to have divided into the clans Titsessinaye of the Pinal Coyotero, of the same signification, and Destchetinaye Tree in a Spring of Water.
Band or Clan? Search for:. How many Apache sub-tribes were there and where were they located? Shopping On Sale! Apaches belong to the Southern Athapascan linguistic family. All tribes deny the migration theories and say that they have always been there. The Jicarilla Apache are one of the 7 major Apachean groups and currently live in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado.
Also referenced as living in Texas Panhandle. These two bands have been referred to by some authors as moieties. Dachizhozhin: site of the present Jicarilla Reservation. Golkahin: south of Taos Pueblo. Ketsilind: south of Taos Pueblo. Apatsiltlizhihi: Mora. Remenants of this Apache group merged with the Lipan bands. They were once considered to be Eastern Apache. Gila refers to either the Gila River or the Gila Mountains.
Some of the Gila Apaches were probably later known as the Mogollon Apaches, a subdivision of the Chiricahua, while others probably evolved into the Chiricahua proper. However, since the term was used indiscriminately for all Apachean groups west of the Rio Grande i. Apache is a collective name given to several culturally related tribes that speak variations of the Athapascan language and are of the Southwest cultural area.
The Apache separated from the Athapascan in western Canada centuries ago, migrating to the southwestern United States. Although there is some evidence Southern Athapascan peoples may have visited the Southwest as early as the 13th century AD, most scientists believe they arrived permanently only a few decades before the Spanish.
While living I want to live well. Early Apache were a nomadic people, ranging over a wide area of the United States, with the Mescalero Apache roaming as far south as Mexico.
They were primarily hunter-gatherers, with some bands hunting buffalo and some practicing limited farming. Men participated in hunting and raiding activities, while women gathered food, wood, and water.
Western Apache tribes were matrilineal, tracing descent through the mother; other groups traced their descent through both parents. Polygamy was practiced when economic circumstances permitted, and marriage could be terminated easily by either party. Their dwellings were shelters of brush called wickiups, which were easily erected by the women and were well adapted to their arid environment and constant shifting of the tribes.
Some families lived in buffalo-hide teepees, especially among the Kiowa -Apache and Jicarilla. The Apache made little pottery and were known instead for their fine basketwork.
In traditional Apache culture, each band was made up of extended families with a headman chosen for leadership abilities and exploits in war. For centuries they were fierce warriors, adept in wilderness survival, who carried out raids on those who encroached on their territory. Religion was a fundamental part of Apache life. Trade was established between the long-established Pueblo peoples and the Southern Athabaskans by the mid 16th century, exchanging maize and woven goods for bison meat, hides and material for stone tools.
The Apache and the Pueblo managed to maintain generally peaceful relations; however, this changed with the appearance of the Spaniards. Arriving in the mids, the first Spanish intruders drove northward into Apache territory, disrupting the Apache trade connections with neighboring tribes. In April , while traveling on the plains east of the Pueblo region, Francisco Coronado wrote:.
They do not cultivate the land but eat raw meat and drink the blood of the cattle they kill. They dress in the skins of the cattle, with which all the people in this land clothe themselves, and they have very well-constructed tents, made with tanned and greased cowhides, in which they live and which they take along as they follow the cattle.
The last of the Apache tribe, the Chiricahua, surrendered in They were deported to Florida and Alabama prisons. There are still several Apache tribes today. There are approximately 5, Apaches today. Yes, I have met many and visited the tribal nations. The Apache are not, nor were they, one people. They are a group of closely related people, languages and cultures. Cochise is reputed to have been the strategist and leader who was never conquered in a battle.
For 10 years Cochise and his warriors fought the white settlers. Cochise surrendered to U. Upon his death, he was secretly buried somewhere in or near his impregnable fortress in the Dragoon Mountains. These four mountains represent the direction of everyday life for our Apache people. Our grandparents would often speak of the place called White Mountain. It was there that the creator gave us life and it is a special place. They were born during a turbulent rainstorm when thunder and lightning came from the sky.
Giant Monsters who wanted to kill them feared White Painted Woman and her sons, whom she raised to be brave and skilled. When they grew up to be men, they rose up and killed the monsters of the earth.
There was peace and all human beings were saved. Apache warriors hunted buffalo on the grassy plains. They hunted antelope on the prairies and deer in the mountains.
They killed only what they needed for their immediate use. Their weapons were simple, but the men were swift and cunning hunters. The Apache women were skillful providers. They could find water where others would die of thirst. They prepared meat and skins brought home by the men.
While the men hunted, the women gathered wild plants, foods, nuts, and seeds. They picked fruit and berries, dug roots and harvested the plants. Apache people gathered the sweet fruit of the broad-leafed Yucca and pounded its roots in water to make suds for shampoo. The Apache women prepared a staple food from the heart of the Mescal plant. Apache people were kind to their children.
They taught them good manners, kindness, fortitude and obedience. The children would play games that improved their dexterity. Traditional Apache religion was based on the belief in the supernatural and the power of nature. Nature explained everything in life for the Apache people. White Painted Woman gave our people their virtues of pleasant life and longevity. Apache religion, expressed in poetic terms, has passed from generation to generation. This is the background and the heritage of our people, the Mescalero Apaches.
One of the most traditional and sacred ceremonies practiced by the Mescalero Apache is the puberty rite ceremony. A young girl celebrates her rite of passage with family-prepared feasts, dancing, blessings and rituals established hundreds of years ago. It emphasizes her upbringing which includes learning her tribal language and instilling, from infancy, a sense of discipline and good manners.
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